Anthus trivialis
Anthus trivialis
The tree pipit is an essentially Euro-Asian species with a wide continental distribution across Europe and western Asia (Del Hoyo et al., 2004; Keller et al., 2020; BirdLife International, 2024). As in Europe, on the Iberian Peninsula it is mostly found in northern areas, being scarce in the Iberian and Central systems and south of the northern plateau. It breeds from sea level up to 1,200 meters in the Central System.
It is a bird highly restricted to montane levels in the Community of Madrid, reaching altitudes of up to 2,000 m. It occupies forest plantations above the tree line of the Sierra and open oak forests in the Lozoya valley (Díaz et al., 1994).
Within the national park, there are two core areas where the highest abundances are detected: the forested area of the Altos de la Morcuera, with pine and open mixed forests, and the slopes around the Navafría Pass and Reajo Alto, with open oak forests and more or less open mixed forests.
It requires areas with good herbaceous cover, provided with shrubs or open trees (García et al., 2014). It avoids closed and extensive forests, appearing on their edges and ecotones with open areas. In lower altitude zones, the species uses riparian forests or floodplains with hedgerows.
Within the national park, its highest abundances, although scarce, occur in pine forests and in mixed areas of shrubland and meadows.
At the global scale, it is considered in the Least Concern category (LC; 2018). In Europe, it would also be classified in the same category (LC; 2021). In Spain, it is listed as Least Concern on the 2021 Red List.
The Catalogue of Threatened Species of the Community of Madrid (1992) does not list the species in any threat category.
BirdLife International 2024. IUCN Red List for birds. https://datazone.birdlife.org.
Del Hoyo, J., Elliot, A. y Christie, D. A. (Eds.) 2004. Handbook of the birds of the world, Vol. 9. Contingas to Pipits and Wagtails. Lynx Edicions. Barcelona.
Díaz, M., Martí, R., Gómez-Manzaneque, Á. y Sánchez, A. 1994. Atlas de las aves nidificantes en Madrid. Agencia de Medio Ambiente y SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.
García, E., García-Rovés, P., Vigil-Morán, A., Alonso, L. M., Fernández-Pajuelo, M. A., Silva, G., González, D. Pascual, D. y Álvarez. D. (eds.). 2014. Atlas de las aves nidificantes de Asturies (1990-2010). Coordinadora Ornitolóxica d’Asturies. Avilés.
Keller, V., Herrando, S., Voříšek, P., Franch, M., Kipson, M., Milanesi, P., Martí, D., Antón, M., Klvaňová, A., Kalyakin, M. V. Bauer, H. Gr y Foppen, R. P. B. 2020. European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Birds Census Council y Lynx Edicions. Barcelona.
SEO/BirdLife (Molina, B., Nebreda, A., Muñoz, A. R., Seoane, J., Real, R., Bustamante, J. y Del Moral, J. C., eds.). 2022. III Atlas de las aves en época de reproducción en España. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.