The Black Redstart is a species native to the Palearctic, although only in its western and central regions, reaching eastwards into the Himalayas, Mongolia and China (BirdLife International, 2024). In Europe it occupies practically the entire continent, but is absent from the northernmost areas. In Spain it is found in the northern half of the Iberian Peninsula and is absent from the driest areas of the Ebro depression. In the southern half it is only present in mountainous areas. It does not breed in the Balearic or Canary Islands, nor in Melilla, but it does in Ceuta (Cano-Barbacil and Cano in SEO/BirdLife, 2022).

In Madrid it occupies the northern and western parts of the region, with isolated populations in the river valleys of the southeastern half. It is strongly associated with rocky areas and mountain cliffs in the north, as well as with river escarpments in the southeast. It can also be seen on buildings in villages and peri-urban areas (Díaz et al., 1994).

In the national park, the species is mainly found in the southern half, coinciding with areas with a greater abundance of rocky outcrops and extensive scree accumulations, as well as some constructions, especially in the surroundings of La Pedriza, the rocky ridges of Cuerda Larga and the Peñalara massif.