The Eurasian nuthatch is distributed across much of the Palearctic, except for the Central Asian steppes and the tundra in Russia (BirdLife International, 2024). In Europe, it breeds throughout the continent, except on the Mediterranean islands and north of Fennoscandia, Ireland, and Scotland (Keller et al., 2020). In Spain, it has a wide distribution across the entire peninsula, but it is more abundant in the northern half and in mountainous areas in general.

In Madrid, it is mainly distributed throughout the mountain range, although it also occupies some areas in the central and western parts of the region. In Madrid, it inhabits well-developed forests of various types, although it prefers Pyrenean oak woodlands and Scots pine forests (Díaz et al., 1994).

In the national park, the highest abundances are found in the northeastern sector, in the most forested area east of the Navafría pass, in the ‘Término de Baños’ area and on the eastern slopes of ‘Reajo Alto’, where important stands of Pyrenean oak grow within the park. It also occurs in Scots pine forests located at several points along the perimeter, such as La Fuenfría, the slopes of the Cuerda Larga massif, the Lozoya valley, or the surroundings of the Canencia pass.