Coccothraustes coccothraustes
Coccothraustes coccothraustes
The common grosbeak has a wide distribution across the temperate belt of the Palearctic, from the Iberian Peninsula to Japan, being absent from the northern boreal areas of Fennoscandia and Russia (Keller et al., 2020; BirdLife International, 2024). In Spain, it is present in the southwestern quadrant and along the axis formed by the Central System, especially in mountainous areas, as well as in lowlands and plains. It occurs in the Betic ranges and Sierra Morena, the Central System, the northern plateau, and the northern Iberian System. It is practically absent from Galicia, Asturias, Cantabria, the northern half of the Duero plateau, the Guadalquivir Depression, and most of the eastern third, except Catalonia. It is not found in the Balearic or Canary Islands, nor in Ceuta or Melilla. In the south, it occupies the mountain systems (García-Martín and Prieta in SEO/BirdLife, 2022).
In Madrid, it is mainly found in the lower mountain areas, reaching the capital. It is absent from deforested areas in the entire southeastern half, except for a small nucleus in the east (Díaz et al., 1994).
Within the national park, it has only been detected in the Cerro del Pino locality, in the central-eastern part of the park.
It is a forest species that requires wooded areas with understory and access to water points. Its main densities are found in oak woodlands, whether dehesas or dense forests, including both oak and holm oak forests. It also occupies riparian forests, pine forests, mixed forests, and other broadleaf forests. It is uncommon in beech forests, and therefore rare in northern Spain.
It is a bird typical of mid- and low-altitudes and of Mediterranean forests and oak woodlands. In the national park, it was detected in an oak woodland patch in the lowest areas of the protected space.
At the global scale, it is considered in the Least Concern category (LC; 2019). In Europe, it would also be classified in the same category (LC; 2021). In Spain, it is considered in the Least Concern category in the 2021 Red List.
The Catalogue of Threatened Species of the Community of Madrid (1992) does not consider the species in any threat category.
BirdLife International 2024. IUCN Red List for birds. https://datazone.birdlife.org.
Díaz, M., Martí, R., Gómez-Manzaneque, Á. y Sánchez, A. 1994. Atlas de las aves nidificantes en Madrid. Agencia de Medio Ambiente y SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.
Keller, V., Herrando, S., Voříšek, P., Franch, M., Kipson, M., Milanesi, P., Martí, D., Antón, M., Klvaňová, A., Kalyakin, M. V. Bauer, H. Gr y Foppen, R. P. B. 2020. European Breeding Bird Atlas 2: Distribution, Abundance and Change. European Birds Census Council y Lynx Edicions. Barcelona.
SEO/BirdLife (Molina, B., Nebreda, A., Muñoz, A. R., Seoane, J., Real, R., Bustamante, J. y Del Moral, J. C., eds.) 2022. III Atlas de las aves en época de reproducción en España. SEO/BirdLife. Madrid.